An Overview of Green Buildings Potential in Palestine
Nour Said,
Husain Alsamamra
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
20-33
Received:
18 May 2019
Accepted:
18 June 2019
Published:
1 July 2019
Abstract: Palestine is a developing country of a different nature from that of the developing countries of the world. It is a state under occupation that does not have many natural resources. It is prohibited from exploiting its natural resources such as water, salt, and natural gas, and even producing or importing electricity, occupation is the total importer of fossil fuels, adding 87% of its electricity needs. The design of green energy-saving buildings, combined with the exploitation of renewable energy resources, especially solar energy, with 3000 sunshine a year and an average of solar radiation of 5.4 kW h/m2/day, may be the only way out of the current situation. The main objective of this work is to provide a review of the green building sector in Palestine in terms of research issued, governmental and non-governmental bodies concerned with the development of this field, in addition to the most important projects implemented as green building in Palestine, and finally discussing the most important obstacles hindering the adoption of green building as a long-term sustainable development strategy. Our urban heritage has an architectural and construction style that meets the requirements of sustainable construction. However, the rapid and dramatic change in the construction sector, in terms of building materials and construction, has increased the energy burden. Throughout Palestine there are seven climatic zones, which in itself is a challenge to the design of green construction, in addition to low public awareness of the concept of sustainable construction. The study concluded that, the absence of legislations and laws binding the minimum requirements of green building are among the most important obstacles to the adoption of sustainable construction as a long-term strategy to achieve the desired independence in the energy sector, in addition to the non-use of financial tools to stimulate investment in the green building sector in Palestine.
Abstract: Palestine is a developing country of a different nature from that of the developing countries of the world. It is a state under occupation that does not have many natural resources. It is prohibited from exploiting its natural resources such as water, salt, and natural gas, and even producing or importing electricity, occupation is the total import...
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Drying Kinetics of Tomato, Okra, Potato and Mango in a Forced-Convective Solar Tunnel Dryer
Moussa Na Abou Mamouda,
Madougou Saïdou,
Boukar Makinta
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
34-44
Received:
23 May 2019
Accepted:
26 June 2019
Published:
8 July 2019
Abstract: The design of a solar drier requires detailed information about drying kinetics of the products to be dried. The objective of our work is to characterize drying kinetics of tomato, okra, potato and mango and calculate the main drying parameters namely the drying rate, the moisture ratio and the effective diffusivity from the derivative form of the Fick’s second law of diffusion. We found that solar drying of tomato, okra, potato and mango occur in both constant and falling-rate phases. Sound experimental conditions and specifically continuous measurements and data collection during experiments, emerged as a major factor allowing the observation of both a constant-rate and falling-rate phases. Two models namely the Henderson & Pabis Model and the Page Model were used to characterize the evolution of moisture ratios (MR) over time. For each of the abovementioned crops, the Page Model appeared to give a better description of MR = f(t) with χ2 varying from 0.0051 to 0.0978. As per the Effective Moisture Diffusivity, its values were 8.866×10-09, 4.651×10-09, 4.969×10-09 and 5.177×10-09 for mango, tomato, potato and okra respectively. Calculated drying constants were compared with the ones obtained by other authors in similar experimental conditions. The experimental dryer we used was a forced convective solar tunnel dryer. All experimentations were conducted in Niamey (Niger) from 7 to 9 June 2018, 3 to 4 Mars 2019, 24 to 26 April 2018 and 1 to 3 May 2018 for mango, tomato, potato and okra respectively.
Abstract: The design of a solar drier requires detailed information about drying kinetics of the products to be dried. The objective of our work is to characterize drying kinetics of tomato, okra, potato and mango and calculate the main drying parameters namely the drying rate, the moisture ratio and the effective diffusivity from the derivative form of the ...
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